Substance Abuse in Adolescents and Young Adults : A Manual for Pediatric and Primary Care Clinicians.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Greydanus, Donald E.
Other Authors:	Kaplan, Gabriel., Patel, Dilip R., Merrick, Joav.
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, Inc., 2013.
Edition:	1st ed.
Series:	Health, Medicine and Human Development Ser.
Subjects:	Substance abuse > Treatment. Teenagers > Substance use. Young adults > Substance use. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Click to View
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Table of Contents:

Intro
Author Index
Foreword
Abbreviations
1 Introduction: Substance abuse in adolescents and young adults
Section I: Etiology and diagnosis
2 Neurobiology of substance use disorders
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General concepts
2.2.1 Dopamine
2.2.2 Serotonin and norepinephrine
2.2.3 GABA
2.3 Neuropharmacology of specific drugs
2.3.1 Stimulants
2.3.2 Alcohol
2.3.3 Opioids
2.3.4 Nicotine/tobacco
2.3.5 Cannabinoids
2.4 Summary
3 Genetic influences on substance abuse disorders
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Limitations
3.3 Gene classes
3.4 Specific addictions
3.4.1 Alcohol
3.4.2 Cannabis
3.4.3 Tobacco
3.4.4 Others
3.5 Epigenetic effects
3.6 Complex diseases
3.7 Conclusion
4 Essential diagnostic considerations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Review of the literature
4.3 Epidemiology
4.4 Empirical studies of assessment instruments
4.5 Comorbidity
4.6 Assessment
4.7 Screening
4.8 Diagnosis
4.9 Biochemical testing
4.10 Discussion
Section II: Treatment
5 Psychosocial treatments for substance use disorders
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Motivational treatments
5.2.1 Precontemplation stage
5.2.2 Contemplation stage
5.2.3 Preparation stage
5.2.4 Action stage
5.2.5 Maintenance stage
5.2.6 Contemplation of relapse
5.3 CM and community reinforcement approaches (CRAs)
5.3.1 CM
5.3.2 CRA
5.4 Cognitive behavioral approaches
5.4.1 Functional analysis
5.4.2 Drug refusal skills
5.4.3 RP
5.5 Family interventions
5.5.1 Multidimensional family therapy (MDFT)
5.6 Conclusion
6 General pharmacotherapy principles
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Evaluation for pharmacotherapy
6.3 When is pharmacotherapy appropriate?
6.4 Conclusion
7 Use of pharmacological agents for smoking cessation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Epidemiology.
7.3 Chemistry and pharmacology
7.4 Effects on health
7.5 Behavioral approaches to smoking cessation
7.6 Pharmacological agents
7.6.1 Varenicline
7.6.2 Bupropion SR
7.6.3 Nicotine replacement therapies
7.6.4 Second-line medications
7.6.5 Vaccine
7.6.6 E-cigarettes
7.7 Conclusion
8 Marijuana: Current concepts and conundrums
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Cannabis sativa plant
8.1.2 Prevalence
8.1.3 Cannabis lab testing
8.2 Medical adverse effects
8.2.1 Cannabis hyperemesis
8.2.2 Dental effects of cannabis
8.2.3 Pulmonary effects
8.2.4 Cannabis and cancer
8.2.5 Cardiovascular effects
8.2.6 Motor vehicle accidents
8.2.7 Sports doping
8.2.8 Adverse effects: Psychiatric
8.2.9 Management
8.2.10 Pharmacological therapies
8.2.11 Cannabis intoxication
8.2.12 Cannabis withdrawal
8.3 Cannabis-associated psychosis
8.3.1 Cannabis dependence
8.4 Summary
9 Primary care management of alcohol use disorders of adolescents and young adults
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Epidemiology: Drinking patterns and beverage preferences
9.2.1 Drinking patterns
9.2.2 Drinking preferences
9.3 Confidentiality in primary care
9.4 Screening in primary care
9.4.1 Screening
9.4.2 Screening tools
9.5 Assessment of risk
9.5.1 Screening the college student
9.6 BIs for the primary care office
9.7 MI
9.8 A clinical vignette
9.9 Specific BIs for college students
9.10 Sedative/hypnotics
9.10.1 Epidemiology
9.10.2 Associated problems
9.11 Conclusions
10 Opioids and prescription drugs
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Prescription drugs
10.3 Analgesics
10.4 Tranquilizers
10.5 Stimulants
10.6 Others
10.7 OTC drugs
10.8 DXM
10.9 Antihistamines
10.10 Illicit opioids
10.11 Conclusion
11 Illicit stimulant abuse in adolescents and young adults.
11.1 Introduction
11.2 History of cocaine and methamphetamine
11.3 Epidemiology
11.4 Risk factors and comorbidity
11.5 Pharmacology and pathophysiology
11.6 Clinical manifestations of intoxication, overdose, and withdrawal
11.7 Identification of warning signs
11.8 Problem use (abuse and dependence)
11.9 Treatment of illicit stimulant abuse and dependence
11.10 Biological treatments
11.11 Behavioral treatments
11.12 Clinical management of co-occurring ADHD and stimulant use disorders
11.13 Summary
12 Date rape drugs and hallucinogens
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hallucinogens
12.2.1 LSD
12.2.2 Mescaline (2,3,4-trimethoxy-phenethylamine)
12.2.3 Psilocybin (and closely related psilocyn)
12.2.4 Salvia divinorum
12.2.5 PCP
12.2.6 Ketamine
12.2.7 MDMA
12.2.8 Methamphetamine
12.3 Date rape drugs
12.3.1 GHB
12.3.2 Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
12.4 Epidemiology
12.5 Diagnosis
12.6 Management principles
12.7 Conclusions
13 The role of the pediatrician and primary care clinician
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Screening and assessment
13.3 Confidentiality and consent
13.4 Safety
13.5 Screening tools and algorithm in adolescents
13.6 Screening tools in young adults
13.7 Summary
13.8 Brief intervention
13.9 Referral to treatment and the primary care clinician's role intreatment
13.10 Conclusions
Section III: Special populations
14 Substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults: Comorbidity and treatment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Common comorbid psychiatric conditions
14.2.1 Clinical samples
14.3 General principles of assessment and diagnosis
14.4 General principles of treatment
14.4.1 ADHD
14.4.2 Depressive disorders
14.4.3 BPD
14.4.4 Psychotic disorders
14.4.5 Anxiety disorders.
14.4.6 Treatment recommendations and prognosis
15 Adolescent girls and substance abuse: Recent trends, risk factors, and consequences
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Gender differences in substance abuse
15.3 Risk factors for substance abuse in female adolescents
15.3.1 Puberty status and timing
15.4 Hormonal changes and emotional reactivity
15.5 Childhood sexual abuse
15.6 Consequences of substance abuse in female adolescents
15.7 Substance abuse and sexual activity
15.8 Substance abuse and unwanted pregnancy
15.9 Substance abuse and psychiatric disorders
15.10 Perinatal mood disorders
15.11 Spectrum of perinatal mood disorders
15.11.1 Postpartum blues
15.11.2 Postpartum psychosis
15.11.3 Postpartum depression (PPD)
15.12 Substance abuse and suicide risk in young girls
15.13 Impact of substance abuse on adolescent mother and offspring
15.14 Substance abuse and unintentional injuries
15.15 Prevention and treatment strategies specific for adolescent girls
15.15.1 Self-in-relation theory of women development
15.15.2 Social-structural model
15.15.3 Theory of gender and power
15.16 Treatment of comorbid psychiatric illness
15.17 Treatment of substance abuse in pregnant adolescents
15.18 Future of substance abuse treatment
15.19 Conclusions
16 Prescription stimulant and other substance abuse in college students
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Alcohol
16.2.1 Prevalence and demographic features
16.2.2 Consequences
16.2.3 New methods of ingestion
16.2.4 Prevention and treatment
16.3 Nicotine
16.3.1 Treatment
16.4 Marijuana
16.4.1 Consequences
16.4.2 Association with other conditions and implications for prevention and treatment
16.5 Cocaine
16.6 Prescribed stimulants
16.6.1 Associations/risk factors for misuse and diversion.
16.6.2 Prevention and treatment
16.7 Conclusions
17 Sports doping by adolescent athletes
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Protection for consumers
17.3 Definitions
17.4 Anabolic agents
17.4.1 Epidemiology
17.4.2 Effects
17.4.3 Adverse effects
17.4.4 Use of additional or concomitant doping agents with AAS
17.4.5 Prevention
17.5 Dihydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA)
17.6 Androstenedione
17.7 hGH
17.8 Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
17.9 Clenbuterol
17.10 Creatine
17.11 Stimulants
17.11.1 Ephedrine
17.11.2 Caffeine
17.12 Blood doping and erythropoietin (EPO)
17.13 Miscellaneous sports-doping agents
17.14 Conclusions
18 Prenatal drug exposure: Maternal and fetal issues
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Screening and diagnosis
18.3 Alcohol
18.4 Tobacco
18.5 Marijuana
18.6 Opioids
18.7 Cocaine
18.8 Methamphetamine/amphetamines
18.9 Benzodiazepines
18.10 Inhalants
18.11 Conclusions
Section IV: New challenges and policy
19 New drugs of abuse in the 21st century
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Cannabinoids
19.3 Stimulants
19.4 Dissociative anesthetics
19.5 Hallucinogens
19.6 Conclusions
20 Estimating the societal burden of substance abuse: Advantages and limitations of current methodologies
20.1 Introduction
20.2 The cost-of-illness (COI) approach
20.3 What components drive the costs of abuse for each substance?
20.3.1 Cigarette smoking
20.3.2 Alcohol
20.3.3 Illegal drugs
20.4 Variations and controversies
20.4.1 Revisiting costs of crime
20.4.2 Including domestic violence, child abuse, and neglect
20.4.3 Including intangible costs of dependence and death
20.4.4 Cost offsets
20.4.5 Imperfect rationality
20.5 Conclusions
21 The pros and cons of legalization
21.1 Introduction
21.1.1 Difficult policy choices.
21.2 Current policy: Prohibition.

Substance Abuse in Adolescents and Young Adults : A Manual for Pediatric and Primary Care Clinicians.

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